Instructions
arithmetic_unit
TBI - Toggle bit index
Set: arithmetic_unit
Parameter: Number
Description:
Toggle bit in 'cache' register
Output: Product stored in 'CCH'.
SUB - Subtract
Set: arithmetic_unit
Parameter: Register name or number
Description:
Subtracts the value in the specified register
or specified number
from the 'cache' register.
Handles overflow/underflow.
Output: Difference stored in 'CCH'.
ADD - Add
Set: arithmetic_unit
Parameter: Register name or number
Description:
Adds the value in the specified register
or specified number
to the value in the 'cache' register.
Handles overflow/underflow.
Output: Sum stored in 'CCH'.
SHL - Left shift
Set: arithmetic_unit
Parameter: Number of positions
Description:
Performs a left bitwise shift on the value
in the 'cache' register.
Number of positions to shift is specified
by the parameter.
Handles overflow/underflow.
Output: Shifted value stored in 'CCH'.
MUL - Multiply
Set: arithmetic_unit
Parameter: Number
Description:
Multiplies the value in the 'cache' register
by the parameter.
Output: Product stored in 'CCH'.
DIV - Divide
Set: arithmetic_unit
Parameter: Number
Description:
Divides the value in the 'cache' register
by the parameter.
Handles division by zero.
Output: Quotient stored in 'CCH'.
GBI - Get bit index
Set: arithmetic_unit
Parameter: Number
Description:
Extract specific bit from 'cache' register and write it into 'overflow' register. Bits are counted from 0 to 7 0b00000001 in this case bit 0 is 1 and other bits are 0 0b10000000 in this case bit 7 is 1 and other bits are 0
Output: Product stored in 'OFL'.
SHR - Right shift
Set: arithmetic_unit
Parameter: Number of positions
Description:
Performs a right bitwise shift on the value
in the 'cache' register.
Number of positions to shift is specified
by the parameter.
Handles overflow/underflow.
Output: Shifted value stored in 'CCH'.
train
WTD - Write train data
Set: train
Parameter: direction(2 bits) - empty(2bit) - target speed (4bits)
Description:
Write train data in order to control it.
Output: Nothing
GOT - Get object type
Set: train
Parameter: ID (8 bits) number or register name
Description:
Type table:
0: Nothing
1: Train
2: Station pick
3: Station drop
4: Station fuel
5: Signal Station
6: Signal intersection
7: Signal segment
Output: Write number corresponding to the type into 'CCH'
RNX - Read next signal
Set: train
Parameter: direction(2 bits) - empty(2bit) - max distance (4bits)
Description:
Read signal on a track in specified
direction (High if oposite to the direction of the travel) and
distance (if there is closer signal it will be read first)
If there is intersection before signal instruction will return 0
(Cant determine which one is desired)
Output: Reads signal type and data into 'CCH'. 0 if not found
game
IGS - Internal game signal
Set: game
Parameter: number
Description:
Trigger internal game signal. Mainly made for debuging in game code.
1 - Pause game (Usefull as break point)
Output: Nothing
data_unit
NOP - No operation
Set: data_unit
Parameter: Nothing
Description:
No operation. Does nothing for one tick
Output: Nothing
LOD - Load
Set: data_unit
Parameter: Register name or TP1/TP2
Description:
Loads the value from the specified register or indirectly via TP1/TP2
into the 'cache' register.
Output: Value of register copied to 'CCH'.
SET - Set
Set: data_unit
Parameter: Number or register name
Description:
Sets the 'cache' register to a specific value
or to the index of a specified register.
Output: 'CCH' register set to value or index.
STR - Store
Set: data_unit
Parameter: Register name or TP1/TP2
Description:
Stores the value from the 'cache' register
into the specified register or indirectly via TP1/TP2.
Output: Value of 'CCH' copied to register.
logic_unit
JIH - Jump if higher
Set: logic_unit
Parameter: Line number
Description:
Jumps to the specified program line
if the value in the 'cache' register
is higher than the value in the 'overflow' register.
Output: Jumps to line if 'CCH' is higher than 'OFL'.
JIE - Jump if equal
Set: logic_unit
Parameter: Line number
Description:
Jumps to the specified program line if the value
in the 'cache' register is equal to the value
in the 'overflow' register.
Output: Jumps to line if 'CCH' equals 'OFL'.
JNE - Jump if not equal
Set: logic_unit
Parameter: Line number
Description:
Jumps to the specified program line if the value
in the 'cache' register is not equal
to the value in the 'overflow' register.
Output: Jumps to line if 'CCH' not equal to 'OFL'.
JIL - Jump if lower
Set: logic_unit
Parameter: Line number
Description:
Jumps to the specified program line if the value
in the 'cache' register
is lower than the value in the 'overflow' register.
Output: Jumps to line if 'CCH' is lower than 'OFL'.
JMP - Jump
Set: logic_unit
Parameter: Line number
Description:
Unconditionally jumps to the specified program line.
Output: Unconditional jump to line.
Registers
train
TD1
Default Value: 0
Description:
'TD1' (Train Data 1) register contains:
- Operation mode (1 bit)
- Empty (1 bit)
- Direction (2 bits)
- Fuel (4 bits)
TD2
Default Value: 0
Description:
'TD2' (Train Data 2) register contains:
- Current speed (4 bits)
- Target speed (4 bits)
TD3
Default Value: 0
Description:
'TD3' (Train Data 3) register contains:
- Position X (8 bits)
TD4
Default Value: 0
Description:
'TD4' (Train Data 4) register contains:
- Position Y (8 bits)
TD5
Default Value: 0
Description:
'TD5' (Train Data 5) register contains:
- Selected wagon (4 bits, read-only)
- Amount of wagons (4 bits, read-only)
TD6
Default Value: 0
Description:
'TD6' (Train Data 6) register contains:
- Wagon full (1 bit)
- Wagon loading (1 bit)
- Wagon type (4 bits)
TD7
Default Value: 0
Description:
'TD7' (Train Data 7) register contains:
- Wagon position X (8 bits)
TD8
Default Value: 0
Description:
'TD8' (Train Data 8) register contains:
- Wagon position Y (8 bits)
special
CCH
Default Value: 0
Description:
'CCH' (Cache) register is used for temporary storage
and manipulation of data.
OFL
Default Value: 0
Description:
'OFL' (Overflow) register stores the overflow or
underflow value from arithmetic operations.
It is used for other operations as well.
For that check Instructions documentation
INT
Default Value: 0
Description:
When a INT (Interrupt) signal is received (for example from crossing)
Program will jump to the line specified in this register.
IPC
Default Value: 0
Description:
'IPC' (Instruction Pointer Counter) register holds the address of the next
instruction to be executed.
LAR
Default Value: 0
Description:
'LAR' (Local Address Register) holds address that will be used to communicate
with other devices on the network.
RTC
Default Value: 0
Description:
Real time clock. Value in this register is incremented by 1 every second
VR1
Default Value: 0
Description:
'VR1' (Variable 1) register stores an index to access
other registers indirectly through 'TP1'.
VR2
Default Value: 0
Description:
'VR2' (Variable 2) register stores an index to access
other registers indirectly through 'TP2'.
data
D01
Default Value: 0
Description:
'D01' to 'D08' registers are general-purpose blocks.
D02
Default Value: 0
Description:
'D01' to 'D08' registers are general-purpose blocks.
D03
Default Value: 0
Description:
'D01' to 'D08' registers are general-purpose blocks.
D04
Default Value: 0
Description:
'D02' to 'D08' registers are general-purpose blocks.
D05
Default Value: 0
Description:
'D01' to 'D08' registers are general-purpose blocks.
D06
Default Value: 0
Description:
'D02' to 'D08' registers are general-purpose blocks.
D07
Default Value: 0
Description:
'D01' to 'D08' registers are general-purpose blocks.
D08
Default Value: 0
Description:
'D02' to 'D08' registers are general-purpose blocks.
shared
S01
Default Value: 0
Description:
'S01' to 'S08' registers are shared between all trains.
S02
Default Value: 0
Description:
'S01' to 'S08' registers are shared between all trains.
S03
Default Value: 0
Description:
'S01' to 'S08' registers are shared between all trains.
S04
Default Value: 0
Description:
'S01' to 'S08' registers are shared between all trains.
S05
Default Value: 0
Description:
'S01' to 'S08' registers are shared between all trains.
S06
Default Value: 0
Description:
'S01' to 'S08' registers are shared between all trains.
S07
Default Value: 0
Description:
'S01' to 'S08' registers are shared between all trains.
S08
Default Value: 0
Description:
'S01' to 'S08' registers are shared between all trains.
Examples
Data operations
1: // Move and increment value of registers 2: LOD D01 // Load D01 value to CCH 3: ADD 1 // Increment CCH by 1 4: STR D01 // Store CCH value to D01 5: SET 0b11111111 // Set CCH value to 255 6: STR D02 // Store CCH value to D02 7: JMP 1 // Jump back to line 1 and do it again
Train runs at speed for 5 seconds and then stops
1: // Train runs at speed for 5 seconds and then stops 2: SET 0 // Set Cache(CCH) register to 0 3: STR RTC // Store Cache value to RTC aka reset it 4: SET 5 // Set Cache to 5 5: STR OFL // Store value from cache to OFL (So we can use it to compare later) 6: WTD 4 // Set train speed to 4 7: LOD RTC // Load value from RTC to CCH (So we can use it to compare later) 8: JNE 7 // If CCH (With value from RTC) is not same as OFL jump to line 7 9: WTD 0 // 5 seconds passed set train speed to 0
Train directions
1: // Directions are bits 7 and 8 2: WTD 0b00000001 // West 3: WTD 0b01000001 // North 4: WTD 0b10000001 // East 5: WTD 0b11000001 // South
Objects
station_fuel
Description: When the train wagon is stoped here it will be automaticaly emptied. If succesfull then funds are added to the player
Type ID: 4
Amount of items left to process
signal_station
Description: Triggers interupt when locomotive is on this block. Sends its own 'LAR' into 'CCH'
Type ID: 5
{4 bits empty}
{2 bits distance to station}
{2 bits direction to station}
station_drop
Description: When the train wagon is stoped here it will be automaticaly emptied. If succesfull then funds are added to the player
Type ID: 3
Amount of items left to process
station_pick
Description: When the train wagon is stoped here it will be automaticaly filled up
Type ID: 2
Amount of items to pick up
signal_segment
Description: Triggers interupt when locomotive is on this block. Sends its own 'LAR' into 'CCH'
Type ID: 7
{4 bits empty}
{1 bit high when train west}
{1 bits high when train north}
{1 bits high when train east}
{1 bits high when train south}
signal_intersection
Description: Triggers interupt when locomotive is on this block. Sends its own 'LAR' into 'CCH'
Type ID: 6
{4 bits empty}
{1 bit high when valid west}
{1 bits high when valid north}
{1 bits high when valid east}
{1 bits high when valid south}